Wednesday, November 20, 2013

Iran nuclear talks: Tehran 'will not step back one iota'

BBC News online -- 20 November 2013

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei addresses Basij militiamen in Tehran (20 November 2013)

Ayatollah Khamenei warned the P5+1 not to "ratchet up the pressure on Iran"

Iran's Supreme Leader has warned his country will not step back "one iota" from its nuclear rights, as it resumes talks with world powers in Geneva.

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said he would not intervene directly in the negotiations, but that he had set "red lines" for Iran's representatives.

President Barack Obama meanwhile urged US senators not to impose new sanctions on Iran to allow time for diplomacy.

He was unsure if it would be possible to reach an interim agreement soon.
"We don't know if we'll be able to close a deal with Iran this week or next week," he told a Wall Street Journal (WSJ) forum in Washington on Tuesday.

Analysis

Amir Paivar BBC Persian
Calling Israel "the roguish, filthy, rabid dog of the region", Iran's Supreme Leader is clearly angry at its campaign against any nuclear deal that would allow uranium enrichment to continue.
Delivering such harsh words in front of Iran's paramilitary Basij militia, which is affiliated to the Revolutionary Guards, serves two purposes.
Ayatollah Khamenei wants to reassure the core of Iran's hardliners that if a deal is struck it will not be a sign of surrender by the Islamic Republic, which has feasted on anti-American, anti-Israeli rhetoric for three decades.
But he is also sending a message to the West that if there is no deal with terms Iran has accepted so far, they will face a more defiant country, where smiling diplomats would be replaced by revolutionaries who are ready to pick a fight.

Iran stresses that its nuclear programme is for peaceful purposes only, but world powers suspect it is seeking to develop nuclear weapons.

In a televised speech to Basij militiamen on Wednesday, Ayatollah Khamenei said Iran's negotiators had been set clear limits before they travelled to Switzerland for two days of meetings with representatives of the P5+1 - the US, UK, France, China and Russia, plus Germany.

They failed to agree a deal at a previous round of talks earlier this month mainly because of what diplomats said was Iran's insistence on formal recognition of its "right" to enrich uranium and France's concerns about the heavy-water reactor being built at Arak.

"We do insist that we will not step back one iota from our rights," Ayatollah Khamenei said.
But he added: "We do not intervene in the details of these talks. There are certain red lines and limits. These have to be observed."

The Supreme Leader, who has final say in Iran's nuclear matters, warned the P5+1 not to "ratchet up the pressure".

Javid Zarif's YouTube message: "Nuclear energy is not about joining club or threatening others"

"They should know that the Iranian nation respects all nations of the world, but we will slap aggressors in the face in such a way they will never forget it."

Negotiating positions for interim deal

P5+1 wants Iran to:

Halt uranium enrichment to medium level of purity, or 20%
Reduce concentration of existing stockpile of 20%-enriched uranium or convert it to oxide form
Not allow Arak heavy-water reactor to go into operation
Commit to permitting more inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Iran wants the P5+1 to:

Recognise its "right" to enrich uranium
End international and unilateral sanctions

Ayatollah Khamenei also said French leaders were "not only succumbing to the United States, but they are kneeling before" Israel, which he described as "the rabid dog of the region".

A French foreign ministry spokeswoman said President Francois Hollande believed the comments were "unacceptable" and would complicate negotiations.

The talks in Geneva will be led in the first instance by the EU's foreign policy chief, Baroness Catherine Ashton, and Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif.

In a video message posted on YouTube on Tuesday, Mr Zarif urged the P5+1 to deal with Iran on an "equal footing" and stressed that for his country nuclear energy was "about securing the future of our children, about diversifying our economy, about stopping the burning of our oil, and about generating clean power".

Meanwhile, UK Prime Minister David Cameron spoke to Iran's President Hassan Rouhani by telephone. It was the first such conversation between British and Iranian leaders for more than a decade.

Mr Obama told the WSJ forum that any interim agreement - expected to last six months - would see the bulk of international and US sanctions targeting the Islamic Republic's nuclear programme remain in place.

Heavy-water plant in Arak, Iran - which some Western powers insist must be shut down (file image from 2006)

One contentious issue at the talks has been Iran's heavy-water reactor at Arak

Mr Obama explained that the "essence of the deal" would be that Iran would halt advances of its nuclear programme - including rolling back elements that might "get them closer to what we call breakout capacity, where they can run for a weapon before the international community has a chance to react", and agreeing to "more vigorous inspections".

"In return, what we would do would be to open up the spigot a little bit for a very modest amount of relief that is entirely subject to reinstatement if, in fact, they violated any part of this early agreement," he said.

During a visit to Israel on Sunday, President Hollande said Iran would have to agree to halting its enrichment of uranium to a medium level of purity, or 20%; reducing its existing stockpile of enriched uranium, and stopping the construction of the Arak heavy-water reactor.

Experts say Iran's 20%-enriched uranium could be enriched to weapons-grade, or 90%, in a relatively short time, while spent fuel from the Arak reactor will contain plutonium suitable for use in nuclear weapons.

Labels: France, G5+1, Iran, Israel, Nuclear Technology, Sanctions