Minority Protection in the New Syrian Government

"There isn’t a single home in the whole province that isn’t grieving someone."

"The youngest victim was 3 months old, killed by shrapnel that hit her stomach. This one was 14. She was slaughtered [young girl, her head turned to the side a scarlet line across her throat]."

"These are only the people we know about and who could reach us [many victims were buried in makeshift graves near people’s homes because the hospital had been surrounded during much of the battles]."

"The final tally will be much worse." 

 Randa Mihrez, one of the coroners at Sweida National Hospital

 

"They were screaming, and I tried to move them, to help them somehow. But I kept slipping on the blood."

"One relative was bleeding out and barely alive. He was begging, ‘Shoot me.’ But I had no weapons on me. I would have done it otherwise."

"[He heard the gunmen say] 'Kill them all. We don’t want them identifying us'."

Hatem Radhwan, 71, Druze Blacksmith 

 

"Initially, we wanted to bury them in the hospital’s backyard, but administrators worried we’d contaminate the water reservoir."

"The bodies were decomposing too much in the sun, they were becoming unrecognizable. We just couldn’t wait anymore [the man who bulldozed a mass grave for 149 people from the hospital either unidentified or whose families were unable to bury them]."

Basel Abu Saab, on a bare mountain outside Sweida's outskirts 

A group of Druze factions move displaced families from the city to the mountains in response to the battles with the Bedouins, Sweida, Syria.  (Hasan Belal/For The Times)

 

"On July 13th, a Bedouin group kidnapped a man and took his car. In retaliation, an armed group linked to the owner detained Bedouins in Swaida’s suburbs. The situation escalated: retaliatory kidnappings, property seizures, then shelling from Bedouin groups, which killed eight people, including a child. Druze fighters mobilized. Mediation led to the release of the hostages by July 14."

"Despite that resolution, on July 15, the ministries of interior and defense announced plans to forcibly enter Swaida to “restore peace.” Many interpreted this as a signal of Israeli approval, believing the Syrian government would not risk a direct retaliatory strike by Israel otherwise. The government’s offensive began from Daraa, targeting western Swaida. Resistance followed—not only from al-Hajari’s groups but also from Rejal El Karama, who supported integration with the state but were not consulted and opposed the incursion."

"A video showing Druze fighters humiliating government forces—including handcuffing and verbally abusing them—prompted further army mobilization. Later videos appeared to show the government forces being executed. The incident intensified the government fighters’ resolve, and the Druze’s basic defenses were quickly overrun. Government forces entered al-Mazra’a, a key village, without resistance. Still, reports of looting and burning houses emerged."

"As the offensive pushed forward, shelling hit residential areas, with reports of significant casualties and destruction of properties. To minimize casualties, identical statements from al-Hajari and Jarbouh welcomed state forces; however, violence continued. Videos surfaced showing fighters without uniforms, foreign accents, homes ablaze, and the public humiliation of elderly civilians. Al-Hajari said the government coerced him into the statement to prevent further bloodshed, but after continued attacks, he called for mass mobilization."

"Numerous Facebook videos showed killings, looting, and shelling. Druze ambushes intensified, and al-Hajari again called for international protection. Israeli airstrikes soon followed, targeting heavy weaponry and demanding a full army withdrawal. The violence triggered a broader popular uprising beyond organized armed groups, forcing many regime forces to retreat."

By Majd AlGhatrif, Atlantic Council 

One of the Druze injured from the city of Sweida receiving treatment at the National Hospital following the battles that took place between the Bedouins and the Druze factions in Sweida, Syria.

(Hasan Belal/For The Times)

 

 Ahmed al-Sharaa, once named Abu Mohammad al-Juliani when he led a terrorist group allied with al-Qaeda, has won the support of Western leaders, most notably U.S. President Donald Trump who was charmed by the young man wearing immaculately designed Western suits, bearded and smiling, claiming "He's a young, attractive guy. He's got a real shot at holding it together", as interim president of a new Syria. A Syria that the new president, after the ouster of Bashar al-Assad with a 14-year civil war of vicious attrition behind him, promised would respect the human rights of Syria's minorities. 

 

Minorities in Syria -- Alawites, Christians, Druze, Kurds, weren't so sure. Nor was Israel, that al-Sharaa/al-Juliano could be trusted to maintain a firm  hold over the Islamist groups that comprised part of the new government's military from the temptation to shoot rockets over the Golan Heights again, at Israeli towns and villages. The Syrian minorities had little option but to wait and see whether the new government's vow to preserve the rights of Syria's minority sects and clans would eventuate, even while the West was persuaded that this was an entirely new Syria.

 

And then, in March and April the coalition of extremists that comprised the new Syrian military went on a rampage within the Alawite community when some 1,500 Alawites were slaughtered. Giving due cause for the other minorities to wonder when their turn would be next. Al-Sharaa/Al-Juliano was shocked, shocked at the carnage, denying his military was involved, claiming that these were outlier Islamist groups -- nothing to do with him and his government. Then the Christians became targets.

 

And finally a week ago, government troops joined local Bedouin tribes to enter the Druze town of Sweida near the Syrian border with Jordan. Long-standing sectarian and ethnic antagonism was on full display as soldiers and Bedouin fighters entered the Sweida hospital to murder patients in their beds. The city of 75,000 was treated to widespread brutality. Reports of rape and Druze women taken hostage. reports of a man tied to a chair and set on fire, his wife and children forced to watch. Young Druze men were bound and forced to jump at gunpoint from balconies.

 

The outbreak of violence in southern Syria's Druze-majority Suweida province has caused alarm in recent days. Jon Donnison, BBC

 

Syrian soldiers, in one video clip, were shown to rip the moustache from a man's face, along with the skin, to great laughter. Druze men were humiliated, forcefully having their moustaches shaved off, where in Druze culture the moustache is a sign of respect and manhood. Hundreds of Druze from Majdal Shams in the Golan Heights crossed into Syria to fight with their Syrian Druze brethren. The IDF warned them to return to Israel. And in response to appeals from Israeli Druze who are loyal Israeli citizens, the IDF took to the skies to bomb government troops in defense of the Syrian Druze.

 

Tensions between the Bedouin and Druze in the area periodically erupted into violence since the fall of the Assad government, but the attack on Sweida was wholesale slaughter, the Druze overwhelmed by the numbers of Sunni Islamist groups joining the Bedouin clans and government soldiers in their murderous rampage. Israel's protective response against Syrian government forces did not win favour in the Trump White house. President Trump's boasts of easily turning swords into ploughshares have not gone well in Ukraine and Gaza.

 

Around 1,500 people from Bedouin tribal families who had been held in Sweida governorate were evacuated earlier this week under a ceasefire agreement, following fierce clashes between tribal forces and Druze gunmen loyal to religious leader Hikmat al-Hijri.  (Rami Alsayed / NurPhoto via Getty Images)

 

 

Syrian Druze in Sweida Targeted in Sectarian Killing Spree

"We reached a formula that allows us to defuse the crisis by evacuating the families of our compatriots from the Bedouin and the tribes who are currently in Sweida city."

Sweida internal security chief Ahmad Dalati

 

"The dead bodies sent a terrible smell through all the floors of the hospital."

"The situation has been terrible. We couldn't walk around the hospital without wearing a mask."

"[The dead and wounded included women, children and the elderly]." 

Hisham Breik, nurse, Sweida national hospital

 

"We have imposed a security cordon in the vicinity of Sweida to keep it secure and to stop the fighting there."

"This will preserve the path that will lead to reconciliation and stability in the province."

Syrian Interior Minister Ahmad al-Dalati 

Syrian Bedouin families ride in a convoy led by Red Crescent vehicles in Busra al-Harir, heading to Daraa after being evacuated from Sweida following more than a week of violent clashes, July 21, 2025. (Malek Khattab/AP)

 

 Bedouin families were evacuated by Syrian authorities on Monday from the city of Sweida during a ceasefire in the southern province following a week of sectarian/tribal bloodshed during which time over a thousand people were killed, both militants on either side, and civilians. The dead were mostly Druze, not  only fighters but civilians, including women and children. When the regime's military was dispatched ostensibly to put an end to the fighting and restore order, what it really did was to support the Bedouin side of the conflict, joining them in a killing spree of Druze in the Druze-majority city of Sweida.

 

Atrocities were recorded for posterity in barbaric scenes of beheadings, mutilation, and unrestrained rape and butchery, reminiscent of the October 7, 2023 invasion of southern Israel by Hamas terrorists on a bloody spree of monumental proportions in sadistic savagery. The Bedouin Sunni Muslims and the Shia-linked Druze played out ancient enmities in which human restraint against the passion of murderous impulses were forgotten, leaving corpses of women, children and the elderly lying in the streets, in their homes, in a macabre scene of hate and vengeance.

 

In the wake of the ceasefire that finally took effect to stop the killing rampage, convoys of buses and other vehicles entered Sweida, exiting finally, packed with Bedouin civilians, entire families, women and children to be taken out of the majority Sweida city, heading for reception centres in Daraa province next door, and on to the capital Damascus, with the Syrian Arab Red Crescent coordinating the evacuation. An entirety of 1,500 people from Bedouin tribes were to be evacuated.

 

Syrian Bedouin families ride in the back of trucks carrying their belongings, in a convoy led by Red Crescent vehicles in Busra al-Harir, heading to Daraa after being evacuated from Sweida following more than a week of violent clashes, July 21, 2025. (Malek Khattab/AP)

 

 The ceasefire served to put an end to the sectarian violence after the week of unremitting horror that left 1,100 mostly Druze fighters and civilians dead, according to the Syrian Observatory of Human Rights monitoring body. Among the  dead were hundreds of government security personnel as well. Druze and Bedouin tribes began their violent clash on July13, the fighting bringing intervening Sunni Arab tribes to converge in support of the Bedouin. Government forces were identified by witnesses siding with the Bedouin and themselves committing summary executions on entering Sweida last week. 

 

The situation intensified externally when Israel became involved, concerned for the welfare of the Druze, reflective of Israel's own sizeable Druze population, loyal to the State of Israel. The plight of the Syrian Druze convinced Israel to send fighter bombers into Syria, where Israeli warplanes hit the Syrian Ministry of Defense, as well as targeting a location nearby the Presidential palace in Damascus to drive home its message of support and protection of the Syrian Druze, as well as a need for a buffer zone at the Golan Heights.

 

Druze from southern Syria under attack fled to Israel for haven, while Druze with Israeli citizenship moved in the opposite direction -- into Syria to fight with their Druze brethren in Sweida, ignoring the warning to remain in Israel and not enter Syria. On the other side, Sunni Arab tribal militias flooded into Syria to converge on Sweida in support of the Bedouin. Druze groups regained control when the Bedouin and tribal fighters withdrew from areas of Sweida on the implementation of the ceasefire.The U.S. took credit for having negotiated a ceasefire between Syria's Islamist government and Israel.

 

Israel launched dozens of airstrikes in the Druze-majority Sweida province, targeting government forces who had effectively sided with the Bedouins.  Still from video

 

Beyond the checkpoints where security forces had erected sand mounds blocking some entrances to Sweida, Sunni tribal fighters armed with machine guns remained in place on the roadside beyond the checkpoints. In Sweida city, dozen of bodies awaited identification at the main hospital where a forensic medical official revealed "we still have 97 unidentified corpses". 

 

Over 128,000 people were displaced by the violence. Collecting and identifying bodies carries on. Over 450 bodies were brought to the Sweida national hospital, more being recovered from streets and homes. Hospitals and health centres in Sweida province were out of service amidst "reports of unburied bodies raisin serious public health concerns", according to the United Nations Office of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 

 

Humanitarian access to Sweida "remains highly constrained", the UN reported late Sunday. That day, a first humanitarian aid convoy entered the city where power and water cuts and shortages of fuel, food and medical supplies -- including body bags -- prevail. Despite isolated gunfire in areas north of Sweida city, the ceasefire is holding.

Syrian government security forces block Bedouin fighters, foreground, from entering Sweida province, in Busra al-Harir village, southern Syria, July 20, 2025. (Omar Sanadiki/AP)