"The
scope of the Permanent Joint Board on Defence's [PJBD] work also
encompasses policy, operations, financial, logistics and other aspects
of Canada-U.S. defence relations."
"Bilateral defence recommendations are forwarded to respective Heads of Government or appropriate officials for consideration."
Permanent Joint Board on Defence
 |
| The Pentagon
has announced it has paused its participation in a joint Canada-U.S.
defence board that's been around since the 1940s, accusing Canada of not
making enough progress on its commitments. Canada says it's always
ready for constructive discussion on how to strengthen mutual security. CBC |
"[The
PJBD] was created at a time when the future of Britain's place in the
world was uncertain, and from the real recognition and realization by
both [President Franklin D.] Roosevelt and [Prime Minister William Lyon
Mackenzie] King that the Canadians and Americans needed to work together
and formalize their relationship."
"Throughout
the war [Second World War] this was a really important body for
co-ordinating all sorts of aspects of wartime production, but especially
defence issues, and why this maters so much for Canada is that it
provided a formal body through which American requests needed to be made
and then to be taken from the Canadian representatives on that board
back to the government in Ottawa."
Prof.Timothy Sayle, Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto
"Canada and the U.S. have a long history of robust cooperation and collaboration on continental defence."
"Canada
will work with trusted partners who are ready to work with us, always
remaining ready to come to the table for constructive discussions about
the best ways to strengthen mutual defence and security."
Canadian Defence Minister David McGuinty
It
came as a surprise, a shocking surprise, a wake-up call when the United
States declared its intention to 'pause' the U.S.-Canada Permanent
Joint Board on Defence "to reassess how this forum benefits shared North American defence".
As the senior advisory body on continental defence the PJBD is a
formalized historical mutual assurance pact signed by both countries
that each must be fully involved in continental defence in lock-step
with one another.
Set
up to meet twice annually, meeting locations alternating between both
countries, co-chaired by a Canadian and an American civilian, with both
military and civilian representatives of the U.S. Defense and State
Departments, Canada's Department of National Defence and the Department
of Foreign Affairs and International Trade among others, this pact has
represented the importance of military cooperation in a shared trust by
neighbours in defence of their shared geography.
Established
in 1940, the PJBD came out of the Ogdensburg Agreement during the
Second World War. Elbridge Colby, as the undersecretary of American
defence for policy stated that: "A
strong Canada that prioritizes hard power over rhetoric benefits us
all. Unfortunately, Canada has failed to make credible progress on its
defense commitments. We can no longer avoid the gaps between rhetoric
and reality. Real powers must sustain our rhetoric with shared defense
and security responsibilities."
There
is little question but that this decision is linked to the Davos speech
by Prime Minister Mark Carney months ago when he spoke of the place of
'middle powers' in the world, claiming that "If we're not at the table, we're on the menu".
The import of which was an obvious critique of the Trump
administration's incendiary decision-making and musings which have
roiled world markets and left traditional U.S. allies confused over the
seeming irrationality of many of Mr. Trump's declarations. Tariffs and
the war in Ukraine have left a decidedly unfavourable impression in the
minds of global leaders.
"[There
were two aspects to the board's annual or semi-annual discussions:
firstly did the two sides view the world the same way, and if they
didn't what was to be done]. That was mostly congenial and there was not
that much asked of us."
"[Secondly,
there was a] to-do [list of North American issues, centred around the
North American Aerospace Defence Command [NORAD]."
"We
were always doing a tap-dance around two percent [NATO's two percent of
GDP defence spending benchmark]. But on a military-to-military basis,
we still got a lot done."
"They realized they couldn't defend the Arctic without involving Canada."
"The military rupture is just following the political rupture."
"NORAD
will be next on the chopping block. And there is no question that will
undermine Canada's security. It's dangerous politics."
Former Liberal MP John McKay, Canadian chair of the PJBD, 2016-2024
Immediately
following the end of World War II, the PJBD served as a strategic-level
board tasked with ongoing considerations of land, sea, and air space
security. Personnel and defence materiel relating to the northern half
of the Western Hemisphere was its focal point, including the Distant
Early Warning Line, the North American Air Defence command (Aerospace) in 1958, the underwater acoustic surveillance system and the North American Air Defence Modernization program (NORAD) in 1985.
Co-chaired
by MP John McKay and the U.S.'s Rebecca Zimmerman, Acting Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense and Hemispheric Affairs, the
November 2024 242nd PJBD meeting in Ottawa discussed topics such as
NORAD modernization implementation, Arctic security, climate change,
defence, co-operation in the Indo-Pacific, Latin America and the
Caribbean along with critical minerals. There followed an 18-month gap
with no meetings, coinciding with President Donald Trump's second
presidential term.
 |
| U.S. Undersecretary of War for Policy Elbridge Colby waits for the start
of a meeting at NATO headquarters in Brussels on Feb. 12. Colby
announced Monday that the Pentagon is 'pausing' participation in the
Permanent Joint Board on Defence, an advisory body on North American
continental defence that was established in 1940. (Geert Vanden Wijngaert/The Associated Press) |
"The
person who made the statement here is not Donald Trump, not somebody
just shooting off the handle, not someone who is uninformed."
"this is a person who is not only highly educated but also has focused on the details of defence spending."
"What
Eldridge Colby [is] saying is: 'This is a reality check, Canada. You
have a prime minister who travels all over the world, makes these grand
promises, but promises are not policy."
"Promises are not impressing Russia, they're not impressing China."
"Canada's
not bringing enough to the table, not just in order to satisfy the
United States, we are not bringing enough to the table in terms of our
defence capacity."
Aurel Braun, professor of international relations and political science, University of Toronto