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The regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad has committed crimes against
humanity and war crimes by subjecting cities to unlawful sieges that
gave civilians no choice but to give up or die. |
"[The] ICC has not opened an investigation in relation to Syria."
"Syria is not a state party to the Rome Statute and has not accepted the ICC [International Criminal Court] jurisdiction."
"Thus,
crimes committed by its citizens on its own territories do not fall
under the ICC jurisdiction, unless the [United Nations Security Council]
would refer the situation to the ICC, which has not happened to date."
ICC spokesperson, Fadi el-Abdallah
"The
most heinous of violations of international humanitarian and human
rights law perpetrated against the civilian population in Syria since
March 2011."
"Such acts are likely to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes and other international crimes, including genocide."
Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic report
"This
matter has not been referred to the ICC, despite the several calls by
the commission of inquiry, and numerous recommendations by the Human
Rights council for the UN Security council to do so."
"[The Commission is exploring other] areas of criminal justice] to address the matter of Syrian war crimes]."
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
"There were rivers of blood and maggots [exuding from the bodies], once, I couldn’t eat anything for days."
"[Some corpses were totally
rotten and their faces] unrecognizable [as if they had been
deliberately disfigured with a chemical. It is the stench of the rotting
corpses that most disturbed him and continues to date.] The smell
stayed in my nose, even after I showered at home."
Syrian undertaker,witness Z 30/07/19
"Someone gives evidence that mass graves were still being dug until
at least 2017. This is the kind of government, the kind of
regime, that you don’t establish relations with."
"[The
revelations made in such testimonies and the evidence laid out] will
facilitate future trials against regime officials if they were
caught traveling to Europe."
"The individual acts of torture only
constitute a crime against humanity if they are being committed within a
specific context, that being a widespread and systematic attack against
a civilian population. Z’s testimony establishes the crimes were
systematic."
Patrick Kroker, senior
legal advisor on Syria, European Center for Constitutional and
Human Rights
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Millions of Syrians have been displaced in a decade of fighting Getty Images
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Syrian
war planes strafing civilian Sunni Syrians in bread lines, hospitals
and medical clinics bombed, barrel bombs targeting Sunni Syrian
neighbourhoods, Syrian towns suffering the agonies of prohibited gas
attacks. Children arrested, tortured, murdered. Women raped, imprisoned,
murdered. Syrian citizens disappeared, never to be seen again alive or
dead. Millions of Syrians internally displaced, fleeing bombardment.
Millions more becoming refugees, flooding neighbouring countries for
haven, migrating desperately toward Europe.
Most
leaders of countries conceive of legacy projects through which their
administrations and their names will be respected and held in gratitude
by their public. But not necessarily those in the Middle East, and
certainly not the Assad family dynasty with their Alawite tribal
affiliations and deadly sectarian hatred; a regime well known to have
committed atrocities against its own people in the past and committed to
carrying on that tradition. Syria and Iraq, both politically Baathist
from opposite ends of the spectrum, both preying on their majority
population, Sunni and Shia respectively.
The
world watched, transfixed with revulsion at television screens, seeing
children in agony from chlorine gas bombs hitting their night-time
villages courtesy of their president, Bashar al-Assad, whose military
was dispatched to clear Syria of the presence of Sunni Muslim
'terrorists', Syrian civilians who had agitated for equal status and
treatment with their Alawite Syrian counterparts. They were rewarded by
barrel bombs that wrenched their limbs from their torsos; a regime
solution for terrorist activity.
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Blood covers the hands of an injured boy following airstrikes believed
to have been carried out by forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar
al-Assad in Damascus, February 2015.
(Mohammed Badra/REUTERS)
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An
estimated 350,000 to 500,000 Syrian civilians were slaughtered by their
own government, innocent civilians whom their president characterized
as terrorists to justify his lethal responses to their pleas for
equality as Syrian citizens. The bloody war against Sunni Muslim Syrians
created 11 million refugees. A few years in to the civil war that
proceeded, the regime battling Syrian Sunni militias attempting to
overthrow the government that had systematically destroyed their human
rights; the instability attracting actual terrorist groups seeing
opportunities to advance their own agendas, among them the notorious
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
ISIL
terrorists brought horror to the minds of those looking in at the
Middle East, with their expanding capture of territory in Iraq and
Syria, and their delight in torturing and murdering captured Europeans
and Americans alongside their preoccupation with terrorizing and
murdering and enslaving Yazidis, and their threats against Christians.
Yet despite the terror they inspired in persuading those loyal to ISIL
living abroad to launch attacks against Westerners in Europe and the
United States, Islamic State could never match the kill rate of an
established government that excelled in war crimes against civilians.
When
"60 Minutes" documented the extent of the Assad regime's war crimes,
activist Mouar Moustafa was the featured personality, a man who was
determined to bring the full extent of the blighted criminality of
al-Assad to public view through revealing his cache of documents signed
by Assad authorizing depraved mass murder alongside thousands of
photographs of civilians tortured to death in an accountability mission
against his former president.
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With
the help of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the participation of Iran's
proxy terror group Hezbollah and an assortment of Iran-controlled
Shi'ite militias, augmented by the aerial bombardments of Russian
warplanes, al-Assad finally had the upper hand, and with the dissolution
of the Islamic State 'caliphate' the Syrian regime was enabled to
restore its territory, mopping up the remainder of the Syrian
resistance. The dreadful crimes committed by the Assad regime against
its own people cries out for justice. Logically that should come with a
trial against Assad himself and his advisers and military commanders.
But
the International Criminal Court is disinterested in opening an
investigation of Syria, just as the United Nations General Assembly has
little interest in holding Syria to account for its paroxysms of mass
murder, and the Security Council was never able to launch a condemnation
of the regime with two of its permanent members, China and Russia,
refusing to give assent. Finally, an accounting of sorts has arisen with
a court in Germany having prosecuted and convicted a former Syrian
regime officer for crimes against humanity.
A
court in the German city of Koblenz sentenced former intelligence
officer Eyad al-Gharib, 44, to four-and-a-half years in prison for
aiding crimes against humanity. Convicted of accompanying 30 detained
demonstrators being transported to prison, while fully aware of the
systematic torture that awaited them in the prison. al-Gharib, a junior
officer, had been arrested in 2019 along with senior regime officer
Col.Anwar Raslan, under the principle of universal jurisdiction whereby a
national court jurisdiction is given authority in issues of grave
crimes against international law, irrespective of where the crimes take
place.
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Presiding judge Anne Kerber stands before pronouncing her verdict in the court in Koblenz, Germany, on February 24. |
While
it's a start on seeking justice, much, much more must be accomplished.
Justice will only be served when Bashar al-Assad faces the full extent
of international law and faces a penalty commensurate with his
unspeakable crimes, and along with him, other members of his
administration and the Syrian military which destroyed so many lives.
President Vladimir Putin also has much to answer for in establishing
support for the Syrian regime enabling it with that support to regain
Syria while helping to slaughter Syrian civilians in the process.
There
is no question the world is weary of these totalitarian governments
persecuting innocent people, destroying countless lives, producing
innumerable refugees and displaced populations facing miserable living
conditions in lives of traumatized horror. It is just so much easier to
feel the horror, dread the outcomes, wish it would all go away, and
turn away from it all, if only to maintain one's own sanity, sense of
proportion and comfort in living normal lives in countries that sustain
the rule of law and security and equality for all.
"This
is a historic verdict. Not only
because it is the first to convict a Syrian regime official for crimes
against humanity, but also because it recognizes his crimes were part of
a widespread and systematic attack orchestrated by the highest bodies
of Assad's regime."
"This
is only the first of many other trials and investigations we are
supporting. It is almost ten years since the crimes Eyad
A. [al-Gharib] was convicted for were committed in those early days of
the uprising as the regime cracked down on bare-armed protesters."
Nerma Jelacic, director, Commission for International Justice and Accountability (CIJA)