Saturday, January 01, 2022

Iran, Intransigent and Triumphant

Iran, Intransigent and Triumphant

Gen. Amir Ali Hajizadeh, the head of the Revolutionary Guard’s aerospace division stands in front of an Iranian rocket carrying a satellite in an undisclosed site believed to be in Iran’s Semnan province, on April 22, 2020. (Sepahnews via AP)
"The intended research objectives of this launch were achieved. this was done as a preliminary launch ... God willing, we will have an operational launch soon."
"By developing our capacity to launch satellites, in the near future satellites with a wide range of applications ... will be placed into orbit."
Ahmad Hosseini, spokesman, Iranian Space Agency
 
"These activities are all the more regrettable as they come at a time when we are making progress in the nuclear negotiations in Vienna.".
"We call on Iran not to launch further ballistic missiles designed to be capable of carrying nuclear weapons, including space launchers."
French foreign ministry
Iranian satellite carrier rocket “Simorgh” is launched in an unknown location in Iran, in this picture obtained on December 30, 2021. Ministry of Defense of Iran/WANA (West Asia News Agency)/Handout via REUTERS

France's plea to the Iranian Ayatollas and the IRCG will most certainly not persuade the Islamist theocracy to abandon their ambitious plans for the future of the Islamic Republic to mark out its territory in space, to launch satellites to look down on what its challengers are up to, to assess the military preparedness of its enemies, to threaten those whom Iran feels has no right to their very existence in a geographic area hostile to the presence of the territorial integrity of a non-Muslim country.

Harsh sanctions imposed on Iran for its well-known plans to achieve success in nuclear weaponry to accompany its ever-evolving arsenal of technically advanced ballistic missiles appear to have done nothing to extinguish its passion to be armed with the most fearsome of mass weaponry. Iran has amply demonstrated it has the wherewithal to supply its military proxies in Lebanon, Yemen, Syria, Iraq and Gaza with weapons, but remains shy of finances to ensure its own population can live with ample fuel and food.

Like North Korea, Iran has its priorities and fending for its peoples' comfort in food security is not one of them. Their ambitions remain set on securing weapons of mass destruction to instill fear in the minds of their adversaries, and to gain respect-through-intimidation to ensure that others think twice before provoking their ire by criticism and challenges. Like North Korea, which has exchanged formulas, methodology and technicians with Iran, formal discussions brought to a bargaining table by the international community to persuade Iran to surrender its nuclear ambitions are destined to fail.

Three 'research' devices were launched into space with the use of a satellite launch from the Imam Khomeini Space Center in Northern Iran at dawn on Thursday. During the time of the original 2015 nuclear agreement meant to slow down Iran's nuclear program where it promised to stop enriching uranium to a grade level useful for the creation of a nuclear device, Iran prosecuted conflict in Yemen and in Syria, threatened Arab Sunni Muslim nations, vowed to eliminate Israel, provided Hezbollah and Hamas and the Houthis with advanced rocketry, and sneered at the gullibility of the West.

Indirect U.S.0Iran talks on the nuclear issue are ongoing, but even the most oblivious optimist cannot believe that anything positive can be achieved, other than buy Iran more time to perfect its rocketry and approach nuclear bomb technology to secure an arsenal of their own. Iranian state television showed footage of the firing of the launch vehicle, a Simorgh (Phoenix) satellite carrier rocket which launched the three research devices at an altitude of 470 km and a speed of 7,350 meters per second.

Image taken from footage aired by Iranian state television shows a rocket that Iran announced it launched on Thursday, Dec. 30, 2021. (Iranian state television via AP)
Image taken from footage aired by Iranian state television shows a rocket that Iran announced it launched on Thursday, Dec. 30, 2021. (Iranian state television via AP)
 

 

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Wednesday, December 29, 2021

Zealous Musk and Jealous Beijing -- Sharing Space In Space?


 Elon Musk lauded China's economic prosperity as 'truly amazing' in a tweet overnight on the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party's rule
Image
The image of Musk and his Chinese doppelganger was posted beneath a tweet from Musk claiming that he will pay 11 billion USD in taxes this year.

Elon Musk enjoys great popularity among young Chinese, in China. He has also invested a great deal in China. Unfortunately, the great admiration he enjoys as a role model for innovative, bold gestures and a startling imagination with an enduring belief that there is nothing, absolutely nothing that he cannot achieve on the strength of the force of his character, his vision and enterprise, is not universally beloved in China. Oh, the Chinese Communist Party respects his enterprise and ability to make money for himself and his enterprises, but they have certain reservations about anyone -- just ask Jack Ma -- who thinks too big for their britches.

He was responding to this tweet from state-media outlet Xinhua News that included a quote from Chinese President Xi Jinping regarding the Communist Party's centenary

And no one individual can possibly challenge the supremacy of the Chinese State and its enterprises. Including Beijing's claim to shooting for the stars. Starting modestly with a space station of its own. So when a world-class entrepreneur like Elon Musk displays a gusto for outmaneuvering and out-satelliting the most technically advanced, ardent of nations in space exploration he was guaranteed to raise the hackles of the CCP. All the more so that he is a certified American strategist-capitalist-innovator.

Not that this far-reaching technical-whizz-kid hasn't raised the hackles of other non-state groups, such as scientists in the field of astronomy and astro-physics who depend on their ability to read the stars, as it were, though the grace of dark skies enabling powerful telescopes to reach far into the deepest recesses of the universe, back in time and space to analyze the beginning of all that exists, but will be hampered by Musk's plans to string satellites in a wide net impeding the course of astronomical investigation by lighting up the skies.

Now, however, Beijing accuses Elon Musk of "space warfare" in close encounters of a different kind, where some satellites launched as part of his groundbreaking global internet initiative experienced a near-miss with China's recently-launched space station. Starlink Internet Services, a division of the Musk Space-X aerospace company, saw some of its satellites involved in two "close encounters" with China's space station in July and October.

China subsequently submitted a document to the United Nations apace agency: "For safety reasons, the China Space Station implemented preventive collision avoidance control", China reported on the website of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. Now that's awfully serious; it's obvious that a collision of any dimension has the potential to end badly. Remember not so long ago when China insisted it had the right to send up rockets directed to destroy some of its old space junk still in circulation?

And the United States and European Space Agency were concerned over the detritus not only having the potential to intersect with their communication satellites but their space missions as well, including the international space station, where astronauts were actually forced to take evasive action when a piece of a destroyed Chinese weather satellite was headed toward it?
 
International Space Station
The ISS is a big target for space debris, but it's no sitting duck   NASA

.China launched Tianhe, the largest of its three modules which will make up its space station, in April. The end of 2022 will see the completion of the space station following four crewed missions meant to build on the initial module. Scientists urge space-travelling governments to share data to reduce risk of catastrophic space collisions in view of close to 30,000 satellites and other debris orbiting Earth. Close to 1,900 satellites have been deployed by Space X alone in service to its Starlink broadband network, meant to blanket the world with universal internet coverage.

According to China's state-operated tabloid Global Times, the satellites, 42,000 thousand of which Musk plans to orbit could be "used to detect China's space perception capabilities and test whether China can accurately grasp their actions". The paper wrote: "The aerospace industry is currently concerned about the military application of Starlink satellite because after the deployment of more than 40,000 satellites, the normal launch of other countries will be affected."

Musk may just run into problems making his world-wide high-speed internet connectivity viable; planning to ask China for permission to build antenna dishes or ground links on its territory to send and receive data from the Starlink spacecraft initially, China saw that plan as interfering with its censored internet network, the "Great Firewall", blocking access to websites like google, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and international media. How else might it succeed in ensuring its 1.4 billion population is shielded from criticism against its communist leaders?


The Chinese division of Tesla last month, also owned by Musk, announced that Starlink would not launch services in China. All Tesla cars and charging stations would use network services provided by Chinese operators with all data maintained within the country. This, the result of China forcing foreign companies to retain all records collected from Chinese consumers within the country. Tesla in China employs quite a lot of Chinese workers.
 
"What will happen to Tesla in China, if some day Starlink's low-orbit satellites collide with our country's low-orbit satellites or other spacecraft", worried one Chinese, writing on Weibo. What, indeed?! After all, China appears to feel entitled to viewing space as its personal jurisdiction and it is very jealous of its reputation and sovereignty. And Musk feels that nothing is beyond his enterprising spirit to accomplish as a private, non-state investor in space.
 

 

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Tuesday, August 13, 2019

Lighting Up The Night Sky

"Reflections from the sun in the hours after sunset and before sunrise make them appear as slow-moving dots in the night sky."
"They can be detrimental to the sensitive capabilities of large ground-based astronomical telescopes."
American Astronomical Society

"Sats [satellites] will be in darkness when stars are visible. We'll make sure Starlink has no material effect on discoveries in astronomy."
"[I've sent a note to the Starlink team about] albedo reduction [minimizing the proportion of light reflected from the spacecraft]."
Elon Musk

"Our concern is just how bright they might be."
"We will have to learn how to operate our electronics to detect weak cosmic signals in the presence of satellite signals at other frequencies that will be millions of times stronger."
Harvey Liszt, spectrum manager, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Va.

"[The legal arena] is really the Wild West [and] international space law doesn't really deal with this use of outer space at all."
"Darkness and the inspiration that the natural night sky brings to humanity has resulted in great works of art, literature, and music."
"The prospect of losing all that is the prospect of severing a key tie between humanity and the natural world."
John Barentine, public policy director, International Dark Sky Association
This illustration of Starlink, a fleet or constellation of internet-providing satellites designed by SpaceX, shows roughly 4,400 satellites of the project’s first phase deployed in three different orbital “shells”. Photo: University College London
This illustration of Starlink, a fleet or constellation of internet-providing satellites designed by SpaceX, shows roughly 4,400 satellites of the project’s first phase deployed in three different orbital “shells”. Photo: University College London

Telescopes trained on the night sky in Flagstaff, Arizona from the Lowell Observatory, captured streaks of sunlight reflections marring their view of far-off star systems, giving astronomers new concerns over the spoliation effect of a growing number of communications satellite being planned for the lower Earth atmosphere, particularly given close to 12,000 of the Starlink fleet set to shine brightly, certain to interfere with research dependent on visual observations of distant galaxies and nearby asteroids.

Not only are these new satellites poised to arrive in great numbers, more than doubling the current five thousand satellites circling the Earth at present, but they are designed to fly at a lower level than most traditional such craft. "We just happened to be pointed in the right direction, and Starlink flew right through it", stated Jeffrey Hall, director Lowell Observatory. Signalling for Hall, "this is potentially a problem".

The Starlink fleet has received authorization to launch 11,943 satellites; the obvious leader in a total of close to 13,000 low-Earth orbit satellites approved by the Federal Communications Commission, coordinating trajectories and radio-frequency use. As though that's not enough, the Musk Space Exploration Technologies Corp. is to be joined by Amazon.com's Jeff Bezos' 3,236 Internet-beaming satellites into low-Earth orbit.

Minimal lag-time for data to bounce between ground and the spacecraft through the lower trajectories, thus overcoming signal lethargy limiting Internet-from space schemes of traditional communications satellites, older craft parked 22,000 miles (36,000 kilometres) above Earth, an altitude allowing them to appear to hover. Low-Earth orbit on the other hand sees altitudes of just 112 to 1,200 miles -- with satellites racing the globe to remain aloft, orbits completed in about 90 minutes.

To achieve widespread coverage of the globe, a multitude of satellites is required. In low-Earth orbit currently, there are 2,338 satellites according to a database set by the Union of Concerned Scientists. NASA itself totalled 4,972 satellites in its payload counts, both active and defunct. A mere 1,628 stars are visible to the unaided human eye, registered at the fifth magnitude of a brightness scale scientists use. Greater numbers could be yielded with exceptional eyesight, total darkness -- absent light pollution.

Astronomers are now studying the extent of the problem -- though once moved into planned higher orbits the satellites may appear less bright, visibility possibly varying with the seasons; the assurance that their altitude means they will remain away from the Earth's shadow, staying in sunlight even after dusk, for longer summer periods than in the winter months. Reliance on the nonvisible spectrum by astronomers using radio telescopes may also be affected, with a need to adjust to low-orbiting satellites filling the sky.

A Falcon 9 SpaceX rocket is shown here a day before the scheduled launch of 60 Starlink satellites from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Photo: Agence France-Presse
A Falcon 9 SpaceX rocket is shown here a day before the scheduled launch of 60 Starlink satellites from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Photo: Agence France-Presse

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